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He wai kikorangi māwhero te hāora wai i ngā pāmahana iti, he nui te kiato me te pāmahana tino iti. Ko te pāmahana kohua o te hāora wai he -183℃, ā, he pumau i ngā taiao pāmahana iti ki te whakataurite ki te hāora hau. I roto i te āhua wai, ko te kiato o te hāora he tata ki te 1.14 karamu/cm³, ā, he māmā ake te penapena me te kawe i te hāora wai i te hāora hau. Ehara i te mea he nui te kukū hāora o te hāora wai engari he kaha hoki ōna āhuatanga waikura, ā, ka taea te tere tauhohe ki te maha o ngā matū rauropi.

Ko te āhuatanga pāmahana iti o te hāora wai e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu me ngā mahi motuhake i te wā e rokiroki ana, e kawe ana hoki, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā ipu whakamahana pāmahana iti hei ārai i te whakawhiti wera. Kāore he kakara, kāore he tae, engari nā te tino iti o te pāmahana, ka pā mai pea te hukapapa me ētahi atu tūponotanga ki te tinana tangata i te hāora wai, nō reira me tino tupato i te wā e whakamahia ana.

Te tukanga whakaputa me te hanga o te hāora wai

Ko te tikanga o te hanga hāora wai ko te whakamahi i te hangarau wehewehe hau hohonu-whakamātao, he tikanga tēnei mō te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga o te hau mā te whakamatao i te pāmahana iti me te pēhitanga whai hua. Ko te kaupapa matua o te wehenga hau hohonu-whakamātao ko te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te hau i runga i ō rātou pūwāhi kohua rerekē. Tuatahi, ka pēhia te hau, kātahi ka whakawhanuitia, ka whakamataotia, ka tae mārire te hau ki te pāmahana tino iti, ā, i te mutunga ka wehea te hāora mai i te hau, ka waimeha. Ko te hanga hāora wai me whai pūnaha whakamatao whai hua me ngā taputapu purenga hei whakarite i te parakore me te pumau o te hāora wai.

Ehara i te mea ka taea anake e te hangarau wehewehe hau hohonu te whakaputa hāora wai, engari ka taea hoki e ia te tiki i ētahi atu hau pāmahana-iti pērā i te hauota wai me te argon wai. He whānui hoki ngā whakamahinga o ēnei hua i roto i te ahumahi. Nā te tino parakore me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana-iti o te hāora wai, he mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā whakamahinga ahumahi motuhake maha.

Ngā mara tono matua o te hāora wai

He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te hāora wai i roto i ngā mara ahumahi maha. Tuatahi, i roto i te mara rererangi, ko te hāora wai tētahi o ngā waikura roketi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, nā te mea he nui te nui o te hāora me te kaha āwhina tahu, ka taea te tauhohe tere ki te wahie hei whakaputa i te nui o te pūngao hei whakatere i ngā whakarewatanga roketi. Ko te huinga o te hāora wai me te hauwai wai e kiia ana ko tētahi o ngā pūwero roketi tino noa, ā, nā tōna kaha pana me te mahi pai rawa atu e tino paingia ana i roto i te hangarau rererangi.

Tuarua, i roto i te ao hauora, ka whakamahia te hāora wai hei puna hāora nui. Ka rongoatia te hāora wai ki ngā pāmahana iti, ka whakamataohia hei whakamahi hei hāora hauora, hei āwhina i ngā tūroro e uaua ana ki te manawa kia whiwhi i te nui o te hāora. Hei tāpiri, he mahi nui tā te hāora wai i roto i te mahi whakarewa, te miihini matū, me ētahi atu mara, inā koa i roto i ngā tukanga tahunga me te hanga matū pāmahana teitei, e whakamahia whānuitia ana tōna kaha waikura.

Ngā whakatūpato haumaru mō te hāora wai

Ahakoa he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te hāora wai, nā te kaha o te tauhohenga me ōna āhuatanga pāmahana iti, kei reira ētahi tūponotanga haumaru. Tuatahi, he kaha te waikura o te hāora wai, ka taea te whakatere i te tukanga tahunga, nō reira me karo i te pā atu ki ngā matū mura i te wā e rongoa ana, e whakamahia ana hoki. I taua wā anō, ka taea e te pāmahana tino iti o te hāora wai te whakararu i te hukapapa, nō reira me mau ngā taputapu tiaki tika pērā i ngā karapu ātete makariri me ngā kopare i te wā e mahi ana i te hāora wai hei karo i ngā whara kiri me ngā kanohi.

Ko te penapena i te hāora wai me whai ipu pāmahana iti motuhake kua hangaia, he pai te āhua o te ārai i te wera o waho kia kore ai e uru mai, kia piki ake ai te pāmahana o te hāora wai. Hei tāpiri, i te wā e mimiti ana te hāora wai, ka tere te horapa, ka nui te hāora e puta mai ana, ka piki ake pea te kukū o te hāora i roto i te taiao, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te ahi. Nō reira, i te wā e penapena ana, e kawe ana hoki i te hāora wai, me tino whai i ngā ture haumaru e tika ana kia pai ai te taiao mahi me te hauhautanga.

Te whakataurite i te hāora wai me ētahi atu hau ahumahi

He rite tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te hāora wai, pērā i te hauota wai me te argon wai, engari he rerekētanga nui kei roto i te whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga. Ko te pāmahana kohua o te hauota wai he -196℃, he iti iho i te hāora wai, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te hauota wai hei whakamatao, ko te hāora wai ia, nā ōna āhuatanga waikura kaha, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei āwhina mura, hei waikura rānei. Hei tāpiri, ko te argon wai, he hau kore mahi, kāore e ngāwari ki te tauhohe ki ētahi atu matū i te wā o ngā tauhohenga matū, ā, ko te nuinga ka whakamahia hei tiaki i te āhuarangi. Ko te hāora wai ia, nā tōna kaha tauhohenga, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā tukanga hanga matū me te mura.

I roto i ēnei hau ahumahi, he mea motuhake te hāora wai nā tōna kaha ki te waikura, inā koa i ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te tahunga pai me ngā tauhohenga waikura kaha. Mā ngā āhuatanga o ngā hau ahumahi rerekē ka taea e rātou te whai wāhi nui ki roto i ā rātou mara tono.

Te atawhai taiao me te pumau o te hāora wai

Ahakoa he nui te kaha o te hāora wai, hei hau ahumahi, i te whakamahinga, kāore e whakapokea te taiao. Hei wāhanga nui o te āhuarangi, ko ōna hua whakamutunga i roto i te tukanga tauhohenga he matū kino noa iho pērā i te wai, i te hauhā rānei. Heoi, he nui te kaha e hiahiatia ana i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hāora wai, inā koa i roto i te tukanga wehenga whakamatao hohonu, nō reira he mea nui te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kaha o te whakaputa hāora wai mō te tiaki taiao.

Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whai hua ake, me te whakapai ake i ngā rere o ngā tukanga, ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao o te hanga hāora wai. Mā te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau pūngao matomato, e tūmanakohia ana ka pai ake te taiao me te pumau o te hanga hāora wai ā muri ake nei, ka whakaratohia he puna hāora ma ake mō te hanga ahumahi me te oranga tangata. Whakamutunga

Ko te hāora wai, hei momo hāora wai, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi, te rererangi, me te hauora nā ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana ahurei me te kaha o te waikura. Ahakoa he tikanga haumaru tino nui te hanga me te whakamahi i te hāora wai, kāore e taea te whakakapi i tōna tūranga nui i roto i ngā mara maha. I te heke mai, me te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, e tumanakohia ana ka pai ake te hanga me te whakamahi i te hāora wai, ā, ka pai ake te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te hapori.

He kaihanga me te kaweake mātou i te waeine wehewehe hau. Mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu mō mātou:

Tangata whakapā：Anna

Waea/Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723

Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com