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Ko te hauota wai me te hāora wai he wai e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā rangahau. He whānui, he ahurei hoki ngā whakamahinga o ia mea. Ka hangaia ēnei mea e rua mā te wehenga hau, engari nā ō rāua āhuatanga matū me ō rāua āhuatanga ā-tinana, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o rāua i roto i ngā whakamahinga mahi. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakamahinga motuhake o te hauota wai me te hāora wai me ō rāua rerekētanga.

I. Ngā Whakamahinga o te Hauota Wai

Ka whiwhihia te hauota wai mā te whakamatao i te hau kia raro iho i te kohua o te hauota. Ko tōna wāhanga matua ko te hauota (N₂). Nā te āhua pāmahana iti o te hauota wai e whānui ai te whakamahinga, tae atu ki ēnei āhuatanga:

Te tio me te tiaki i te pāmahana iti

Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga tino noa o te hauota wai ko te whakatio me te tiaki i te pāmahana iti, inā koa i roto i te mara o te rongoā koiora. Ko te pāmahana o te hauota wai he iti iho i te −196°C, ka taea te whakatio tere i ngā kiko koiora, ngā pūtau, me ngā kukune, ā, ka tiakina mō te wā roa, kia mau ai te mahi. He mea nui ēnei whakamahinga i roto i te rangahau hauora, te whakawhitinga okana, me te whakatipu kararehe whakamātautau.

Te whakatio kai

I roto i te ao tukatuka kai, ka whakamahia te hauota wai mō te whakatio tere i ngā kai, pērā i te kaimoana, te mīti, me ngā hua. Ka taea e te whakatio hauota wai te whakaheke tere i te pāmahana o te kai, ā, ka whakaitihia te hanganga o ngā tioata hukapapa, ka tiaki hoki i te reka me te uara kai o te kai.

Te whakamatao me te whakamātao

He maha hoki ngā wā ka whakamahia te hauota wai hei whakamatao me te whakahaere i te pāmahana o ngā taputapu mīhini. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te hauota wai hei reo whakamatao hei whakaiti i te waku me te wera i roto i te tukatuka mīhini, ā, ka pai ake te tika me te whai hua o te tukatuka.

Ngā whakamahinga o te hauota hau: Ka taea hoki e te hauota wai te whakarato i te hauota hauota parakore teitei i muri i te mimiti, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga matū hei hau tiaki hei ārai i ngā tauhohenga waikura o ngā matū kino.

II. Ngā Whakamahinga o te Hāora Wai

Ko te hāora (O₂) te wāhanga matua o te hāora wai, ka riro mai hoki mā te hangarau wehewehe hohonu. Ko te hāora, hei huānga nui mō te tautoko i te ora me ngā tauhohenga matū, he maha ngā whakamahinga, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

Te tuku hāora hauora

He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te hāora wai i roto i ngā hōhipera me ngā ratonga āwhina ohorere, e whakarato ana i te hāora kukū nui ki ngā tūroro hei āwhina i te manawa. Ina koa i roto i te rongoā i ngā mate manawa, he mea nui te tuku hāora. He iti te rahinga o te hāora wai, he nui te hāora, he watea mō te penapena me te kawe, ā, ko tētahi o ngā momo tuku hāora hauora e pai ana.

Ārai waikura ahumahi

E whakamahia whānuitia ana te hāora wai hei waikura i roto i ngā ahumahi, inā koa i roto i te whakarewa maitai me te hanga matū. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hāora wai hei āwhina i te tahunga, hei whakanui ake i te pāmahana tahunga me te whai huatanga o te tauhohenga. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukanga hanga maitai, ka werohia te hāora ki roto i te wai rino rewa hei tango i ngā poke me te whakapai ake i te parakore o te maitai.

Te whakaterenga ā-rangi me te rōkete

Ko te hāora wai he wahie āwhina e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakaterenga rōkete, e konatunatua ana ki te wahie wai (pērā i te hauwai wai) mō te tahunga, ka whakaputa i te pūngao tino nui hei whakatere i ngā rōkete ki te wāhi. Nā ōna āhuatanga tahunga āwhina pai rawa atu, ka waiho te hāora wai hei whakaterenga tino nui i roto i te umanga rererangi.

III. Ngā Rerekētanga i waenga i te Hauota Wai me te Hāora Wai

Ahakoa he rerekē ngā whakamahinga o te hauota wai me te hāora wai, he rerekētanga nui tō rāua āhua me te whakamahinga. Ina koa:

1. Te Hanganga: Kei roto i te hauota wai te hauota (N₂), ko te hāora wai ia kei roto te hauota hāora (O₂).

2. Kiato: He kiato ake te hauota wai i te hāora wai.

3. Te ira kohua: He iti ake te ira kohua o te hauota wai i te hāora wai.

4. Te Whakamahinga: E whakamahia whānuitia ana te hauota wai mō te whakatio me te tiaki, ko te hāora wai ia e whakamahia ana hei waikura me te pūwero. Ngā Āhuatanga Matū

He koretake te hauota wai, he tino pumau tōna hanganga ngota, ā, kāore e tino kitea he tauhohenga matū ki ētahi atu matū. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea te whakamahi hei hau tiaki, ā, ka whakamahia hoki i roto i ngā tukanga matū me ngā tukanga ahumahi maha. I tētahi atu taha, he kaha te waikura o te hāora wai, he nui te tauhohenga matū, ā, he ngāwari ki te tauhohenga waikura kaha ki ētahi atu matū, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tukanga tahunga me te waikura.

Ngā āhuatanga pāmahana

He iti iho te pāmahana koropupū o te hauota wai i te pāmahana koropupū o te hāora wai (hauota wai -196°C, hāora wai -183°C), ā, he pai mō te whakamatao me te tiaki i ngā pāmahana iti iho. Ahakoa nō roto hoki te hāora wai i tētahi momo wai cryogenic, kāore tōna mahi pāmahana iti i te pai ki te hauota wai. Nō reira, he nui ake te whakamahinga o te hāora wai mō te tahunga me te waikura, kaua ki te tiaki cryogenic. Haumaru

He haumaru te whakamahi i te hauota wai nā te mea kāore e pāngia e ngā tauhohenga matū. Ko ngā mōrearea matua ko te whara o te makariri i te pāmahana iti me te whakakapinga o te hāora i roto i te wāhi, ka mate pea te manawa. Ahakoa ko te hāora wai, hei kaiwhakahāora, me pupuri kia matara atu i ngā matū mura pēnei i te hinu hei ārai i ngā aituā mura me te pahūtanga. Nō reira, me tino tupato i te wā e whakamahia ana.

He wai iti-mahana nui te hauota wai me te hāora wai. Ahakoa e hangaia ana mā te wehenga hau, nā te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, he rerekē ngā arotahi o ā rāua mara tono. Ko te hauota wai, me tōna kore e mimiti me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana iti, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tiaki hukapapa, te tukatuka kai, me te whakamatao ahumahi, me ētahi atu. Ahakoa ko te hāora wai, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ōna āhuatanga waikura, e whakamahia ana mō te tuku hāora hauora, te waikura ahumahi, me te whakatere rererangi, me ētahi atu. I roto i ngā mahi mahi, me whai whakaaro katoa ki ō rāua āhuatanga me te haumaru kia pai ai te tono.

He kaihanga me te kaweake mātou i te waeine wehewehe hau. Mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu mō mātou:

Tangata whakapā：Anna

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Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com