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| Hua | Hauota |
| Tātai ngota: | N2 |
| Taumaha ngota: | 28.01 |
| Ngā kai whaihua: | Hauota |
| Ngā tūponotanga hauora: | He nui rawa te hauota i roto i te hau, ka whakaiti i te pēhanga ngaohiko o te hau e manawahia ana, ka puta te hypoxia me te whakamomori. Ina kore e tino teitei te kukū o te hauota e manawahia ana, i te tīmatanga ka pāngia te tūroro e te kikī o te uma, te poto o te manawa, me te ngoikore; kātahi ka puta te riri, te tino harikoa, te oma, te hamama, te pouri, me te koretake o te haere. Ka pōrearea rānei. Ina manawahia te kukū nui, ka tere te pōrearea o ngā tūroro, ka mate i te manawa me te ngakau. Ina whakakapi hohonu te ruku, ka puta te pānga o te hauota; ki te whakawhitia mai i te taiao pēhanga teitei ki te taiao pēhanga noa, ka puta te mirumiru hauota i roto i te tinana, ka pēhi i ngā io, i ngā oko toto, ka puta rānei te aukati i ngā oko toto, ā, ka puta te "mate decompression". |
| Te tūponotanga o te tahunga: | Kāore e mura te hauota. |
| Manawa: | Kia tere te haere atu i te wāhi mahi ki te hau hou. Kia tuwhera te ara manawa. Ki te uaua te manawa, hoatu he hāora. Ina mutu te manawa o te ngakau, me mahi tonu te manawa horihori me te pokanga pēhi i te ngakau o te uma hei rapu maimoatanga hauora. |
| Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea: | Ki te pāngia e te kirika nui, ka piki ake te pēhanga o roto o te ipu, ā, kei tata te ngatata me te pahū. |
| Ngā hua tahunga kino: | Hauota |
| Tikanga tinei ahi: | Kāore tēnei hua e mura ana. Ka nekehia te ipu mai i te ahi ki te wāhi tuwhera i ngā wā katoa e taea ana, ā, ka whakamatao te wai e rehu ana ki te ipu ahi kia mutu rā anō te ahi. |
| Maimoatanga ohorere: | Whakawāteatia wawetia ngā tāngata i ngā wāhi turuturu o te parahanga ki ngā hau o runga, ā, wehea, me te aukati i te urunga me te putanga. E taunakihia ana kia mau ngā kaimahi whakaora ohorere i ngā ārai manawa me ngā kākahu mahi whānui. Whakamātauria te pūtake turuturu i ngā wā katoa e taea ana. Kia tika te hauhautanga, kia tere ake te horapa. Me tika te whakahaere i te ipu turuturu, kātahi ka whakamahia i muri i te whakatikatika me te tirotiro. |
| Ngā whakatūpato mō te mahi: | Te mahi e pā ana. Mā ngā mahi e pā ana ka whakaratohia he hauhautanga taiao pai. Me tino whai te kaiwhakahaere i ngā tikanga mahi i muri i te whakangungu motuhake. Ārai i te turuturu o te hau ki te hau i te wāhi mahi. Inuhia, ā, tangohia mārire i te wā e whakahaere ana hei ārai i te kino o ngā rango me ngā taputapu. Kei a rātou ngā taputapu maimoatanga ohorere turuturu. |
| Ngā whakatūpato rokiroki: | Penapenahia ki roto i tētahi whare putunga hauhautanga, hauhautanga hoki. Me noho tawhiti atu i te ahi me te wera. Kaua te Kuken e neke ake i te 30°C. Me whai taputapu rongoā ohorere turuturu i te wāhi penapena. |
| TLVTN： | Hau whakamomori ACGIH |
| te mana whakahaere hangarau: | Te whakahaere e pā ana. Whakaratohia he hauhautanga taiao pai. |
| Te tiaki manawa: | Kāore e hiahiatia he tiaki motuhake. Mēnā he iti iho i te 18% te kukū o te hāora i te hau i te wāhi mahi, me mau tātou i ngā taputapu manawa hau, i ngā taputapu manawa hāora, i ngā kopare ngongo roa rānei. |
| Parenga kanohi: | I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e hiahiatia he tiaki motuhake. |
| Te tiaki tinana: | Kakahuria ngā kākahu mahi whānui. |
| Parenga ringa: | Mauria ngā karapu tiaki mahi whānui. |
| Ētahi atu parenga: | Āta tirohia te manawa kukū nui. Me aro turuki te urunga ki ngā tāke, ki ngā wāhi iti, ki ētahi atu wāhi kukū nui rānei. |
| Ngā kai matua: | Ihirangi: hauota parakore teitei ≥99.999 %; taumata ahumahi taumata tuatahi ≥99.5 %; taumata tuarua ≥98.5 %. |
| Āhua | Hau kore tae, hau kore kakara. |
| Te pūwāhi rewa (℃): | -209.8 |
| Te pūwāhi koropupū (℃): | -195.6 |
| Te mātotorutanga whanaunga (wai = 1): | 0.81(-196℃) |
| Te mātotoru o te mamaoa (hau = 1): | 0.97 |
| Pēhanga mamaoa kukū (KPA): | 1026.42(-173℃) |
| Te tahunga (kj/mol): | koretake |
| Te pāmahana tino nui (℃): | -147 |
| Pēhanga nui (MPA): | 3.40 |
| Pūwāhi mura (℃): | koretake |
| Te pāmahana mura (℃): | koretake |
| Te rohe o runga o te pahūtanga: | koretake |
| Te rohe o raro o te pahūtanga: | koretake |
| Te wairewatanga: | He paku wairewa i roto i te wai me te etanoru. |
| Kaupapa matua: | Whakamahia hei hanga haukini, waikawa hauota, hei rauemi tiaki, hei rauemi tio. |
| Te paitini nui: | Ld50: Kāore he mōhiohio LC50: Kāore he mōhiohio |
| Ētahi atu pānga kino: | Kāore he mōhiohio |
| Tikanga whakakore: | Tirohia ngā ture ā-motu me ngā ture ā-rohe e tika ana i mua i te whakakorenga atu. Ka tukuna tika atu te hau putanga ki te āhuarangi. |
| Tau utanga mōrearea: | 22005 |
| Tau UN: | 1066 |
| Kāwai tākai: | O53 |
| Tikanga tākai: | He puoto hau rino; he pouaka rakau noa i waho o te pounamu ampoule. |
| Ngā whakatūpato mō te kawe waka: | |
Me pēhea te tiki hau hauota parakore teitei mai i te hau?
1. Tikanga Wehewehenga Hau Cryogenic
Neke atu i te 100 tau te whanaketanga o te tikanga wehewehe Cryogenic, ā, kua pāngia e ngā momo tukanga rerekē pērā i te ngaohiko teitei, te ngaohiko teitei me te iti, te pēhanga waenga, me te tukanga ngaohiko iti katoa. Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau me ngā taputapu hou mō te tatau hau, kua whakakorea te tukanga o te korehau ngaohiko teitei, te pēhanga teitei me te iti, me te korehau ngaohiko waenga. Ko te tukanga pehanga iti iti me te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao me te hanga haumaru ake kua waiho hei whiringa tuatahi mō ngā taputapu korehau pāmahana iti nui me te rahi. Ka wehea te tukanga wehewehe hau ngaohiko iti katoa ki ngā tukanga pēhanga o waho me ngā tukanga pēhanga o roto e ai ki ngā hononga pēhanga rerekē o ngā hua hāora me te hauota. Ka whakaputa te tukanga pēhanga o waho pehanga iti katoa i te hāora pehanga iti, te hauota rānei, kātahi ka pēhia te hau hua ki te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana hei tuku ki te kaiwhakamahi mā te pēhanga o waho. Pēhanga katoa i roto i te tukanga pēhanga pehanga iti Ko te hāora wai, te hauota wai rānei i hangaia e te whakakorenga wai ka tangohia e ngā papu wai i roto i te pouaka makariri hei mimiti i muri i te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana e te kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka tukuna ki te kaiwhakamahi i muri i te whakamahana anō i roto i te taputapu whakawhiti wera matua. Ko ngā tukanga matua ko te tātari, te pēhanga, te whakamatao, te purenga, te whakanui rawa, te whakawhanui, te whakahoro, te wehenga, te whakakotahitanga wera, me te tuku hau mata ki waho.
2. tikanga mimiti pēhanga (tikanga PSA)
Ko te hau kōpeke hei rauemi mata e hangai ana ki tēnei tikanga. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia te tātari ngota hei mea mimiti. I raro i tētahi pēhanga, ka whakamahia te rerekētanga o te mimiti o te hāora me te hauota i roto i te hau i roto i ngā tātari ngota rerekē. I te kohikohinga o te hau, ka whakatinanahia te wehenga o te hāora me te hauota; ā, ka tātarihia te kaihoko mimiti tātari ngota, ka hangarua anō i muri i te tangohanga o te pēhanga.
Haunga ngā tātari ngota ngota, ka taea hoki e ngā adsorbents te whakamahi i te alumina me te silicone.
I tēnei wā, ko te taputapu hanga hauota adsorption transformer e whakamahia whānuitia ana e hangai ana ki te hau kōpeke, ko te tātari ngota waro hei adsorbent, ā, e whakamahi ana i ngā rerekētanga o te kaha adsorption, te tere adsorption, te kaha adsorption o te hāora me te hauota i runga i ngā tātari ngota waro, ā, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te kaha adsorption o ngā ahotea rerekē hei whakatutuki i te wehenga hāora me te hauota. Tuatahi, ko te hāora i te rangi te mea nui rawa atu mā ngā ngota waro, e whakarei ake ana i te hauota i te wāhanga hau. Hei whiwhi tonu i te hauota, e rua ngā pourewa adsorption e hiahiatia ana.
Tono
1. He tino pumau ngā āhuatanga matū o te hauota, ā, kāore e aro ki ētahi atu matū. Nā tēnei kounga korekore e taea ai te whakamahi whānui i roto i ngā taiao anaerobic maha, pērā i te whakamahi i te hauota hei whakakapi i te hau i roto i tētahi ipu motuhake, e whai wāhi ana ki te wehe, te ārai mura, te ātete pahū, me te ārai waikura. Ka whakamahia te hangarau LPG, ngā paipa hau me ngā whatunga pūkahukahu waikura ki te tono o ngā ahumahi me te whakamahinga ā-iwi [11]. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hauota i roto i te takai o ngā kai tukatuka me ngā rongoā hei uhi hau, hei hiri i ngā taura, hei raina waea, me ngā potae rapa pēhanga ka taea te whakawhanui. Hei momo tiaki, ka whakakapia te hauota ki raro i te whenua hei whakaroa i te waikura i puta mai i te pā i waenga i te pou ngongo me te wai paparanga.
2. Ka whakamahia te hauota parakore teitei i roto i te tukanga whakarewa whakarewa hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te whakarewanga parakore. Mā te hau, ka ārai pai i te waikura o te parahi i te pāmahana tiketike, ka pupuri i te mata o te rauemi parahi, ka whakakore i te tukanga pīkara. Ko te hau waro i ahu mai i te hauota (ko tōna hanganga ko: 64.1%N2, 34.7%CO, 1.2%H2 me te iti o te CO2) hei hau tiaki i te wā e whakarewa ana te parahi, kia pai ai te kounga o te hua o te mata whakarewa parahi.
3. Tata ki te 10% o te hauota e puta ana hei whakamatao, ko te nuinga kei roto ko: te whakapakeketanga ngawari, te rapa tukatuka pāmahana iti, te whakaheke me te tāutanga matao, me ngā tauira koiora, pērā i te tiaki toto o te toto ka whakamatao i te wā e kawe ana.
4. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hauota hei hanga i te hauota waikura, i te hauota hauhā rānei hei hanga i te waikawa hauota. He nui tēnei tikanga hanga, ā, he iti te utu. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hauota mō te haukini hanga me te hauota konganuku.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-09-2023
